Receivables of China’s Moutai, the world’s second largest distiller by market value, increased 7X; top five are distributors accounting for 88% of receivables; 茅台应收账款激增7倍 欠款前五均为经销商

茅台应收账款激增7倍 欠款前五均为经销商

http://www.nbd.com.cn 2013-04-02 01:09

核心提示: 记者翻阅贵州茅台2012年报发现,应收账款金额前五名单位均为经销商,占应收账款总额的87.98%。

每经记者 曹晟源 发自成都

尽管贵州茅台(600519,SH)日前公布的2012年年报成绩不错,净利润同比增速仍在50%以上,但其激增7倍的应收账款却引发关注。《每日经济新闻》记者注意到,应收账款前五名均为本应该早已打款的经销商。

在 “塑化剂事件”、“三公消费”瘦身、反垄断等冲击下,白酒行业已进入调整期。而此时经销商和酒企之间的关系变得异常敏感,出现应收账款的大幅增长,似乎预示着经销商和白酒企业之间此前的关系或将发生改变。

增长7倍的应收账款/

翻开贵州茅台2012年的年报可以发现,公司2012年度实现归属于上市公司股东的净利润133.08亿元,同比增长51.86%;基本每股收益12.82元。同时公司拟向全体股东每10股派发现金红利64.19元(含税),可谓创下A股最高现金分红纪录。

2012年年报显示,公司茅台酒产品实现营业收入240.33亿元,增长41.78%,毛利率为94.17%,较上年同期增加0.63个百分点;系列酒产品实现营收24.23亿元,增长66.98%,毛利率为73.42%,增加4.86个百分点。

在这份看似不错的成绩单背后,却隐藏了这样一个数据:2012年贵州茅台的应收账款约为1781万元,而2011年约为222万元,激增了约700%。

记者翻阅贵州茅台2012年报发现,应收账款金额前五名单位均为经销商,占应收账款总额的87.98%。

值得注意的是,在白酒龙头的销售体系中,往往都是经销商提前打款,这种经销商拖欠款项并且成倍增长的情况在业内人士看来有点不可思议。

其中,前三位经销商所欠的金额比重就已经超过了80%。根据披露的报表显示,茅台对深圳市国盛源商贸有限公司的应收账款高达1600多万元,占账面余额的74.44%;广州殊荣酒业有限公司100万元,占比4.50%;云南昆明远威经贸有限公司约85万元,占比3.82%。

需说明的是,虽然占到应收账款大部分的深圳市国盛源商贸有限公司的相关款项,贵州茅台已于2013年2月收回,但是前五名中的其余4家经销商的相关款项收回的时间最短也要3~4年。

《每日经济新闻》记者就此致电贵州茅台方面,不过董秘办相关人员并没有就此事给出相关回复,其证券事务代表也被告知“出差”。

虽然这些欠款的绝对数量相对贵州茅台来说犹如九牛一毛,但是茅台经销商开始越来越多地欠款,或印证了其观望的心态。

应收账款成因争论/

记者梳理发现,2012年底,名酒企业相对于经销商的强势地位似乎已经开始显现松动迹象。

彼时,同为行业大佬的贵州茅台和五粮液都在不同的场合,强调了必须保住高端产品终端零售价格的措施,希望能够用这种一贯强势的态度让经销商扛过这一难关。

但是上述白酒企业推出的保价政策,并不能让经销商或是终端渠道有更多的销售信心,茅台酒、五粮液等高端产品的价格随着时间的推移不断下探,经销商抛货的消息更是不绝于耳。

看到市场初现崩盘端倪,针对跨区域销售、低价窜货情况的经销商,贵州茅台和五粮液都不约而同地采取了雷霆手段——做出罚款和限量等措施,强势的手段让处在高库存情况下的经销商痛苦不已。国家发改委亦介入贵州茅台和五粮液处罚经销商事件,在要求两家企业收回处罚通知并整改的同时,更是对贵州茅台和五粮液开出了共计4.49亿元的罚单。

短时间内,一贯强势的白酒企业,对于终端的销售价格的把控力度受到制约,白酒企业对于经销商的态度也在罚款之后开始发生悄然的变化。

不过业内对此亦有不同看法。

“名酒企业与经销商的强弱关系,并未发生改变。”1919酒类连锁董事长杨凌江在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时指出,茅台2012年年报显示应收账款前五名均为经销商,有可能是历史原因或其他因素,绝不可能源于经销商与酒企力量发生变化。他说,尽管行业正值寒冬,但茅台依然是“俏货”,80%以上的经销商均愿接手。

“名酒企业仍处于强势地位,只是强势方式略有变化。”杨陵江补充道,比如预付账款方式、态度语气等略有变化。

About bambooinnovator
Kee Koon Boon (“KB”) is the co-founder and director of HERO Investment Management which provides specialized fund management and investment advisory services to the ARCHEA Asia HERO Innovators Fund (www.heroinnovator.com), the only Asian SMID-cap tech-focused fund in the industry. KB is an internationally featured investor rooted in the principles of value investing for over a decade as a fund manager and analyst in the Asian capital markets who started his career at a boutique hedge fund in Singapore where he was with the firm since 2002 and was also part of the core investment committee in significantly outperforming the index in the 10-year-plus-old flagship Asian fund. He was also the portfolio manager for Asia-Pacific equities at Korea’s largest mutual fund company. Prior to setting up the H.E.R.O. Innovators Fund, KB was the Chief Investment Officer & CEO of a Singapore Registered Fund Management Company (RFMC) where he is responsible for listed Asian equity investments. KB had taught accounting at the Singapore Management University (SMU) as a faculty member and also pioneered the 15-week course on Accounting Fraud in Asia as an official module at SMU. KB remains grateful and honored to be invited by Singapore’s financial regulator Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) to present to their top management team about implementing a world’s first fact-based forward-looking fraud detection framework to bring about benefits for the capital markets in Singapore and for the public and investment community. KB also served the community in sharing his insights in writing articles about value investing and corporate governance in the media that include Business Times, Straits Times, Jakarta Post, Manual of Ideas, Investopedia, TedXWallStreet. He had also presented in top investment, banking and finance conferences in America, Italy, Sydney, Cape Town, HK, China. He has trained CEOs, entrepreneurs, CFOs, management executives in business strategy & business model innovation in Singapore, HK and China.

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